From the FasterSkier archive — posts syndicated from athletes’ and coaches’ own blogs between 2004 and 2012, kept online as published. Current coverage is at fasterskier.com.

Tag: Team USA Para Nordic

  • After a Series of World Major Marathons, Aaron Pike Transitions to Winter

    After a Series of World Major Marathons, Aaron Pike Transitions to Winter

    While no one would choose the circumstances, pandemic induced cancellations presented marathoners with a unique calendar of events this fall. All six of the iconic World Marathon Majors — Berlin, London, Chicago, Boston, Tokyo (held virtually, in-person event postponed to 2022), and New York — took place within a span of 42 days. (In a typical season, Tokyo, Boston, and London are run in the spring.) While Shalane Flanagan has been in the limelight for her accomplishment of running all seven events each under 2:47, many other marathoners also seized the opportunity to run multiple Majors this fall. 

    Among these athletes was Aaron Pike, professional wheelchair racer and U.S. Para Nordic national team member, who raced the London Marathon on October 3rd, followed by Chicago on October 10th, and Boston the next morning. This was all on the coattails of the Tokyo Paralympics where took 6th place in the marathon, just 40 seconds outside of the medals. 

    Aaron Pike on course during the Boston Marathon. (Photo: Instagram @tmistret)

    While the transition between a Summer Paralympics in August and a Winter Games six months later is already tight, Pike trusted the crossover in fitness between sports and seized the opportunity to put together a fall marathon series. FasterSkier connected with Pike on a call in early November at the beginning of his first on-snow camp of the season in Canmore, Alberta. 

    Before jumping into the races, a bit about Pike’s background in sport. After sustaining a hunting injury when he was 13, Pike was paralyzed at the T11 vertebra of his mid-back. He explained that his family was living in Virginia at the time, which was fortuitous as a community member who was a former Navy Seal that began racing IronMan distance triathlons after his own injury heard about Pike’s circumstances and quickly took him under his wing. 

    “He came and visited me in the hospital pretty shortly after [I was injured],” Pike recalled. “I think I was still in inpatient [treatment] — but he came to visit me and was just telling me that he’d be a resource. He showed me some pictures of adaptive sports and what he does, and gave my parents all the contact information.” 

    The mentor was also coaching a youth wheelchair racing team and invited Pike to attend a practice once he was out of treatment. 

    “Maybe like a month or two after, I went out to watch a practice.. He had a group of six or seven other kids out there, and he brought a program chair out for me to try out. And it all just went from there.”

    Pike advanced quickly in wheelchair racing through high school, but it was during his time at the University of Illinois-Champaign when his career flourished. Pike found success racing on the track, focusing on events 1500 meters and upward. It was also at the University of Illinois where he was first introduced to nordic skiing and biathlon, although he did not try it for himself until later on.

    “[Former US Para Nordic] biathlon coach, Rob Rosser, came to the University of Illinois with a SkiErg and some rifles and just to introduce people to biathlon and cross country skiing. He set up the SkiErg so we could try them out — I think they were set up side-by-side, so you could sort of race each other. But  the timing was tough, because it was right before the London Games, so everybody was kind of like, ‘Oh, this is cool,’ but then was right back to what they were focusing on. I didn’t think too much about it either.”

    Shortly after racing the marathon at the London Paralympics in 2012, Pike received an email inviting him to attend a Para Nordic camp in Bozeman, where the national team now calls home base. 

    “So the first place I ever skied was in Bozeman,” he laughed. “So I got to try [out sit skiing] and, ended up liking the sport a lot right off the bat, day one pretty much. So it didn’t take too long for me to realize that it wasn’t just something that I was only going to try here and there in the winter.”

    Aaron Pike is eyeing the sprint and the individual biathlon races in the upcoming 2022 Beijing Paralympic Games. (Photo: U.S. Paralympics Nordic Skiing / Getty Images)

    Two years later, Pike made the Paralympic team for both the Sochi Games in 2014 and PyeongChang in 2018, earning his best results in Korea with a 6th place finish in the 15-kilometer biathlon event and 7th in the 12.5k biathlon. He hopes to improve upon these results in Beijing this winter. 

    While he hoped for more in Tokyo, Pike has steadily climbed the Olympic ranks in the event. He was 16th in London in 2012, 10th in Rio in 2016, and 6th in Tokyo. As previously stated, he was just 40 seconds outside of the medals and finished alongside the 5th place athlete from Great Britain. 

    “I was happy with how [the race in Tokyo] went considering a few factors: we had wet conditions, which always makes it super challenging. It’s kind of like skiing where if you choose the wrong [wax], you’re going to have a really rough race. So I set myself up really well by prepping for the rain, whereas a chunk of the field had problems just managing [the conditions].”

    Let’s unpack the ski comment quickly. What those unfamiliar with wheelchair racing may not expect is that one of the primary challenges on race day is much like that of classic waxing: achieving optimal grip. Instead of skis on snow, it’s gloves on rings, and problem solving with sandpaper, rubber, and even klister. Yes, klister. Pike shared that Rode Chola is a commonly used product in wet conditions.

    Despite preparing for wet conditions, Pike explained he did not feel his strongest during the event and quickly fell out of medal contention. Nonetheless, he stayed in it and advanced through the field as the race went on.

    “The start was not the best for me, a couple people got away early. Right off the bat, I was in eighth or ninth place, but I was able to keep reeling people in. I pulled up to one of the Japanese racers, and then he and I pulled up to my teammate, Daniel [Romanchuk]. All three of us reeled in two more guys, so then we were in a pack of five, but weren’t able to catch the front leaders.”

    From the 1500 upward, Aaron Pike has excelled in wheelchair racing. (Photo: Tobias Lackner / Tobil Photography)

    The experience of competing in a pandemic-shrouded Games also gave him a taste of what to expect in Beijing. Compared to his past Olympic experiences, Pike missed the energy of team processing and meetings where collective energy was all that was infectious. He explained that travel was more cumbersome with the added precautions, however, once in the Olympic Village, the differences felt less significant. 

    “Once you’re in the Village, that was normal. The Village life was cool. We still got to go to the cafeteria [with all the other international athletes], they just had plastic barriers up everywhere. I think the weirdest part was having an empty stadium. It was just super bizarre… it’s like this gorgeous massive stadium that can hold like 70,000 people and it’s just empty.”

    He explained that tickets had been sold out for all of the final rounds of events, so it was disappointing that fans could not attend.

    While Pike was happy with his effort in Tokyo on the day, he felt significantly stronger in each of the three World Majors that he raced. Rather than cumulative fatigue, Pike was in full stride throughout the series. 

    “Oddly enough, the worst was the first one, the London Marathon. For whatever reason I was able to hang with people, but not really do much more than that.”

    Pike took 5th place in London in 1:31:36 (​​+5:09), before hopping on a plane bound for Chicago.  

    Despite unseasonably warm conditions and wind that supported the city’s nickname, Pike raced his fastest time on course to finish on the podium in third, his best overall result in Chicago. It was a race where everything came together so well, he had little to say about it, other than, “It was awesome.” 

    Pike finished 21-seconds behind the winner in 1:29:28. Less than 24 hours later, he was back on a starting line in Hopkinton, ready to race to Boston.

    “That was the one I was going to be the most worried about, because that’s a really tough race, and coming the day after [Chicago]. And that was one where I made the wrong decision about grip.”

    Remember: like classic skiing, some days are straight-forward cold snow and hard wax days, whereas others you’re down to the wire looking for answers, tossing an extra option or two in your drink belt before heading out just to be safe. Variable conditions and changing weather for wheelchair racers are akin those dreaded humid near-freezing with falling snow days where you can’t tell if hairies will get the job done, or if you need some kind of miraculous combination of covered klister, and no matter what you go with, you’ll probably deal with some icing. Err on the side of caution with icing, and you may have no grip whatsoever. 

    In a race wheelchair, rubber on rubber maximizes surface area between gloves and rings, allowing the most force as the athlete pushes powerfully on each stroke. But Pike explained that sandpaper is “night and day better” when the wheel rings are wet.

    On the morning of the Boston Marathon, a mild storm was clearing. Pike explained it was raining during the warm up, but it let up before the start. Still, the precipitation left standing water on the roadway, making for conditions that were wetter than the weather. Because the weather didn’t match the actual race conditions, Pike explained his initial choice of gloves meant he could not take advantage of the early downhills, which is typically one of his strengths. Luckily, he stashed a backup pair of gloves, which he normally does not do.

    “It seemed fine,” he said of his glove choice in the warm up. “I had my sandpaper gloves on me [just in case I needed to switch], and I strapped into my chair, which I’ve never done, but I just had a feeling something might not go right with a grip. Sure enough, when we started bombing down the hills right at the beginning — it wasn’t until going super fast on the hills that the wheels were lifting up water from people around me and spraying the rings and getting them wet. But there was no time to change [gloves] early on, so it was just kind of a struggle at the beginning.”

    On the track in Switzerland, Aaron Pike pushes through the rain. (Photo: Tobias Lackner / Tobil Photography)

    While trying to minimize his time losses, Pike found an opportunity to switch into the sandpaper gloves, which drastically improved his grip and allowed him to bring himself back into contention. 

    “Once I switched them out, then I was just catching one person after the next, all the way up to the point where I got fourth. I think I could have easily got third in that race as well if I just started with the sandpaper.”  

    Every year, Pike has to decide when to hang up the race wheelchair and transfer into his sit ski. The calculus is complicated by late-season opportunities like the marathon series, and is especially fickle surrounding Paralympic cycles. 

    “It was a really hard decision…I think the fact that there were three marathons in such a short time — having missed so many marathons because of COVID and not having the opportunity to race for a while, then having three of them within eight days of each other. It was just hard to pass that up.”

    While both are endurance sports, wheelchair racing is a pushing motion, while double poling in a sit ski, like standing, is a pulling motion that involves more engagement of larger back muscles. For whatever reason, Pike feels the transition from skiing to wheelchair racing happens more smoothly than the opposite direction. As he shifts back into ski mode, his primary focus is rebuilding the specific strength.

    “I really have to moderate the intensity for the first month,” he explained. 

    After a successful marathon season, Aaron Pike transfers from racing wheelchair to sit ski in preparation for the 2022 Beijing Paralympics. (Photo: Team USA Paralympics Nordic Skiing)

    Eager to begin the transition process, Pike and his partner, Oksana Masters, headed to Canmore a week before their teammates. Masters is also a USA Para Nordic team member and is a three-time Olympic Gold Medalist in both cycling and cross country skiing.

    “It’s just getting that feeling back,” he said. “Nothing truly replicates skiing. So just going out and skiing every day and getting x-amount of hours on snow every week is just huge.”

    Pike reiterated the importance of a smart progression in the early season as his specific strength develops, not rushing into intervals that his body might not be ready for without that strength and trusting that his fitness from the marathon season will stick around for when the time does come to push hard. 

    “And also — not worrying about the first World Cup…” he continued. “We almost don’t even look at the results sheet. We’re still going to be lifting heavily and will mostly just use it as an intensity block in the training season.”

    He added that the coaches are also able to take plenty of video for technique work during the camp and opening races, ensuring athletes are skiing with good form from the start of the season.

    The opening World Cup event will take place in Canmore beginning on December 4th. Pike explained that his season goals are not until March, when the Paralympic Games kicks off in Beijing. He’s focused on gaining race experience in the World Cups and working with his coaches to hone his skiing and shooting skills. Ultimately, his eye is on a Paralympic medal.

    “[In terms of specific events,] on the cross country side, I really love the sprint. It’s our only race where we go head to head and it’s purely just a race to the finish line. More times than not, I’ve made the final for the sprint, so that’s definitely one of the focuses for me.” 

    Pike also is focused on the individual biathlon events.

    FasterSkier will continue to follow the Para Nordic athletes through their build up to Beijing. 

  • Kendall Gretsch Makes History With Gold Medal in Paratriathlon

    Kendall Gretsch Makes History With Gold Medal in Paratriathlon

    After roughly 26 kilometers of racing, Kendall Gretsch takes Paralympic Gold by just over a meter. (Photo: Screenshot NBC Sports)

    If you didn’t catch the ending of the triathlon during the Tokyo Paralympics, prepare for the chills. Spoiler alert: in an all out, last gas effort in the final meters, dual-season athlete Kendall Gretsch edged out Australia’s Lauren Parker by one second for a Gold Medal victory. 

    This is Gretsch’s third Olympic gold, alongside the two she earned during the 2018 PyeongChang Paralympic Games, first in the 6-kilometer biathlon sitting sprint and again in the 12 k cross-country distance race. Her achievement in Tokyo makes her the fifth American — third female — to win a Gold Medal at both the summer and winter Paralympic Games. 

    Taking a step back, triathlon was first added to the summer Paralympic schedule in 2016, however, only a subset of the nine competition classification categories were allowed to compete. Gretsch was born with spina bifida, which is the result of a neural tube defect during fetal development, impairing her spine and spinal cord. While she walks with crutches, she competes in the PTWC2 (paratriathlon wheelchair) division, meaning after the swim, she races the bike leg on her handcycle, before transitioning into a racing wheelchair for the run. The Tokyo games were the first opportunity for the two PTWC categories to compete. 

    FasterSkier spoke with Gretsch in April of 2020 when the news first broke that the Tokyo Olympics were definitely postponed until 2021 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As we discussed, this leaves just over six months for athletes like Gretsch who compete in both winter and summer sports to prepare for the upcoming Beijing Paralympics, which begin on March 4th, 2022. Following up to learn more about her experience in Tokyo, FasterSkier reconnected with Gretsch on a call to hear how she is mentally and physically recharging before ramping up her training for the winter season. 

    Paratriathlete Kendall Gretsch made history in Tokyo, becoming one of only five Americans to earn a Paralympic Gold Medal in both winter and summer Games. (Photo: Mark Reis)

    First, let’s go beyond the highlight reel to learn more about the Gold Medal day. 

    Because Gretsch is in the lesser impaired category, she starts at a deficit of four minutes and four seconds behind competitors in the PTWC1 division. The clock starts running at the same time for all athletes, and the first woman across the line is the winner, regardless of starting wave. Among the women in the PTWC1 division was Gretsch’s mark, Parker.  

    The Australian has a lengthy resume in elite triathlon, including a second place finish in the 2015 Kona World Championships as an able-bodied athlete. After recovering from a serious accident in 2017 that left her with permanent spinal cord damage, Parker began competing in paratriathlon, quickly ascending the ranks and ending the 2019 season with a commanding victory at the ITU World Championships. 

    While Gretsch is accustomed to the staggered start in her event, she explained that it does change the tactics compared to a mass start competition. 

    “The goal is to consistently make up ground,” Gretsch explained in a call. “So I wouldn’t say it’s a very tactical race, and that you’re like, waiting to time your move, or finding the right spot on the course to make a move. You’re basically just going all out in trying to [catch the earlier starters] by the end of the race, hoping you can make up that four minutes.”

    The PTWC race includes a 750 meter swim, a four-lap 20 km bike, and a four-lap 5 km run, which Gretsch completed in a total time of 1:06:25. She explained that the many laps during the bike and run allowed her coaches to regularly provide her with feedback of where she stood relative to the leaders. 

    On the hunt, Kendall Grestch chases down a Gold Medal during the run in the 2022 Paralympic triathlon in Tokyo. (Photo: Mark Reis)

    Gretsch began making up time right away. She was 35 seconds faster than Parker in the swim, and left the second transition from bike to run just a minute and twenty seconds back. While she acknowledged that the percentage of the race that happens on the bike makes it an opportunity to make a dent in the deficit, she also explained that her progress during that leg surprised her. 

    “It did play out a little bit differently, in my mind, than I thought it was going to,” she shared. “Usually I can make up a little bit more time on the swim, and then I know that Lauren is a super strong biker. So going into this race beforehand, my goal was to make up some amount of time on the swim and really just not lose time to her on the bike. So yeah, I was really pleased that I was able to make up as much time out on the bike as I did in this race. Especially because she had an amazing swim.”

    Sometimes good results come from races where we never feel our best and may feel surprised by the outcome. Likewise, there are the days we dream about where everything is clicking from start to finish and we know from the gun that it will be a good day. For Gretsch, there were elements of both. 

    “I would say my swim was average. And then as soon as I got onto the bike, I knew that it was a really good day for me and that I was feeling really strong. So I kind of just  told myself throughout the race — I knew that [I was giving]  everything I had on that day, and could push really hard. And regardless of what happened, I knew it was gonna be a really close race. If I passed her, if I didn’t pass her; I just knew that it was going to be a really exciting race to watch. So that was kind of cool to have that recognition during the race that regardless of what happens, I wasn’t going to have any regrets about the race because I knew I was going as hard as I could, and that it was going to be an exciting race for people to watch.”

    While she felt “average” in the swim, Kendall Gretsch had a well-above-average day competing in the triathlon at the 2021 Tokyo Paralympics. (Photo: Mark Reis)

    With three golds and a silver from ITU World Championships, five USA Paratriathlon national titles, and a slew of international podiums, Gretsch is no stranger to high level competition. However, the Paralympics is the Paralympics; held as the pinnacle of sport in the United States. 

    Grestch spoke about her mindset approaching the Games in terms of managing expectations she feels, whether internal or external, and her approach to the mental strain of competing in Tokyo. 

    “Going to the Paralympics is something that I’ve wanted to do ever since I got involved in triathlon, so finally having the opportunity  this year in Tokyo — this race was just so important to me. And I maybe underestimated the mental drain going into the race. It’s such a mental roller coaster where, you know, you feel great some weeks, and you feel bad on some days. And it’s hard, because it just feels like your whole — everything you’ve done for the past five years, even longer than that has just been leading to this one day. So I think for me, it was just such a huge relief that I did have a day where I felt so strong. And again, if it was first or second, I was going to be happy with the outcome either way, because I knew that I had done everything I could in the preparation leading up into the games, and that was everything I had on that day.”

    Circling back to the postponement of the Games, Gretsch reflected on whether or not the decision to move the games to 2021 was a benefit or detriment. 

    “I think the postponement really worked in my favor. I had gotten all new equipment for my bike and the run in October of 2019. So just having that extra year gave me time to work with that equipment and dial that in, and it also gave me the opportunity to take a step back and maybe rethink how I was training. Specifically, I think, the run and bike became two really big focuses for me. And so just having that extra year to be able to change things up, try something new and not have to worry about risking a race season because if something didn’t work, it wasn’t as big of a risk.” 

    Considering the elongated buildup for Tokyo and the brief window to take a break before preparing for Beijing, Gretsch explained that her mind more so than her body needed to recharge. Our call took place following a short vacation.

    “Obviously, you need the physical recharge, and that’s something that I’m familiar with from going between the seasons every single year. But the mental drain of the Games was a lot bigger, I think, than just a regular summer season. So the mental break that I took was so important for me. Now that I’m starting to get back into [ski training] now, I’m just excited about it and ready to go and not, you know, carrying any fatigue this week from that.”

    Kendall Gretsch takes aim during the women’s 6-kilometer sitting biathlon at the 2018 Paralympic Winter Games on Saturday in PyeongChang, South Korea. She won the race to become the first American woman to medal in a biathlon event at the Paralympics (or Olympics). (Photo: US Paralympics/Getty)

    At the moment, changing gears looks like a steady reintroduction of ski specific elements to her training, including shooting and double poling. Gretsch, who is based at the Olympic and Paralympic training center in Colorado Springs, also attended a 10-day USA Para Nordic training camp in the ski tunnel in Oberhof in late September.

    “Since I don’t have access to snow yet [in Colorado], introducing some time on the Ski Erg again, getting range time when I can. So yeah — just trying to get back into the ski motions before leaving full time for the Winter, around the end of October or early November.”

    Finally, Gretsch reflected on her experience in the COVID restriction shrouded Games in Tokyo compared to her previous Winter Olympic experiences. 

    “It’s weird to think about because — if I thought about what the environment was, or if someone told me that this is what it was going to be like four years ago, I think I would have said, ‘Oh, wow! That’s so crazy to imagine.’ But we’ve been living through COVID for 18 months, almost two years now. And so it strangely feels kind of normal.”

    FasterSkier will continue to follow the Para Nordic team’s whirlwind build up to the Beijing Games. 

  • Wednesday Workout: Structuring Training for Para Athletes Q&A with Martin Benes

    This insight into training para nordic athletes comes from Martin Benes, head coach of U.S. Para Nordic skiing. Benes joined U.S. Para Nordic in August 2018 after spending five years as the nordic ski director and head coach at Sugar Bowl Academy in Norden, CA. Benes responded via. email following a team training camp in Canmore, Alberta. 

    Martin Benes, head coach of U.S. Para Nordic, shares insight into structuring training for para nordic athletes. (Photo: Screenshot TeamUSA.org)

    FasterSkier: Before taking this job, did you have any background in or connections to para sports? What have you learned in your time with U.S. Para Nordic?

    Martin Benes: I had not had any background working with para athletes. As a junior I remember para Nordic skier Candace Cable training and racing in the Truckee-Tahoe area. I’d also seen the athletes at events here and there. I’ve been with the program a little over a year and just one full competition season. I feel like I’ve been constantly learning since I took the job, and a lot of that is just learning the individual athletes and how best to support them.

    FS: Do you work with and write training for the whole USA para nordic crew or only certain athletes?

    MB: I’m currently working with our National Team athletes which consists of four sit-skiers and one standing skier. It’s a little bit of a mix with how specific I’m getting in supporting training plans for those athletes. Educating athletes and supporting them as they make decisions for themselves is definitely the best thing I can do for athletes of this caliber. There’s some great collaboration happening with summer sport coaches for some of our sit-ski athletes and good support from clubs around the country for standing athletes.

    FS: What are some of your takeaways in regard to coaching para athletes vs. able bodied? Are there different considerations in training philosophy? Similarities?

    American Kendall Gretsch (l) racing in the 4 x 2.5 k mixed relay at the 2018 Paralympic Winter Games in PyeongChang, South Korea. Her team finished seventh. (Photo: U.S. Paralympics/Mark Reis)

    MB: Fundamentally, there is a lot of overlap from a physiology perspective. With any group of elite-level athletes, in comes down to individualizing their training so they get the most out of each camp or training block. With Para Athletes, that individualization becomes even more paramount. One challenge will always be what works best for each athlete and trying to maximize their training.

    In addition, we’re dealing with different types of injuries that can limit how an athlete can prepare for the competition season. So we’ve got to take those into account and first and foremost ensure an athlete stays healthy enough to train to their full potential.

    FS: When leading a training session for para athletes with varying abilities and needs, how do you structure workouts to ensure everyone gets what they need from the session? Does the look of this change in summer vs. winter?

    USA Para Nordic Gold Medalist Dan Cnossen shows the paddle board he uses to prepare his upper body for sit skiing. (Courtesy Photo)

    MB: One of the big things that we do is allow athletes to drive the sessions. We tend to seek out a lot of athlete feedback and learn where they’re trying to improve and try to support that. It leads to a lot of interesting conversations about technique and tactics. When we do group work, which is still important, we try to be very deliberate in structuring it so that all athletes can get something out of it. Those sessions are typically either agility- and skills-based or speed-work.

    In the summer our seated athletes tend to do a lot of cross-training and we avoid ski-specific movements to give them an opportunity to mentally and physically reset. They obviously are doing a lot of work with their arms and so anything to change it up is a positive and contributes to their long-term athlete health.

    It’s also about learning what their strengths/weaknesses might be and then adjusting training, strength, and technique to maximize their session.

    FS: What or who should people keep an eye out for this season? What is the team most excited for?

    MB: We’ve got a really strong National Team going into this season, and excited to hopefully have some new athletes qualifying for World Cup racing this season in January and February at our races in Germany. Certainly our returning World Champs medalists Oksana Masters, Kendall Gretsch, Dan Cnossen, and Aaron Pike are all contenders this season and Ruslan Reiter, a standing skier, has made some big gains over the summer. We’ve got a combined race with FIS in Dresden which will be an exciting event for everyone and also Biathlon World Championships in March in Sweden.

    The women’s 6-kilometer sitting biathlon podium on Day 1 of the 2018 Paralympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, with Americans Kendall Gretsch (c) in first and Oksana Masters (l) in second, and Lidziya Hrafeyeva of Belarus (r) in third. (Photo: US Paralympics/Mark Reis)
  • Non-Traditional Summer Training with Dan Cnossen

    Non-Traditional Summer Training with Dan Cnossen

    Biathlon gold medalist Dan Cnossen of the U.S. celebrates his win in the men’s sitting 7.5 k biathlon sprint on opening day of competition at the 2018 Winter Paralympics on March 10 in PyeongChang, South Korea. (Photo: U.S. Paralympics/Mark Reis)

    Dan Cnossen is a badass. There. We said it.

    In the realm of para nordic sport, the 39-year-old medaled in each of the six biathlon and cross country events in which he competed during the 2018 Paralympic Games. At the 2019 World Championships, he Cnossen earned a silver medal in both the cross country sprint and middle distance races after a slew of podium finishes in World Cup events during the season.

    Prior to his athletic career, Cnossen served as a Navy SEAL platoon leader. While deployed in Afghanistan in 2009, he was severely injured in an explosion after stepping on an IED (improvised explosive device). Recovery from this injury required the amputation of both of his legs above the knee. He received both a Purple Heart and a Bronze Star with Valor for his service.

    FasterSkier connected with Cnossen via email during a recent on-snow training camp in Sweden to learn about the variety of training modes he utilizes to prepare for the winter ski season, which, as it turns out, includes some non-traditional activities.

    “Over the last several years in the Nordic off-season, I’ve alternated between competing in running races— mostly 5Ks — hand cycling, and most recently a bit of prone paddle boarding. After a full ski season, I mentally can use a break from racing, but in a long off-season racing can be a great way to stay sharp. It needs to be balanced with these mental and physical recovery aspects, though. If I find myself really looking forward to a race, then I think this is a good indicator that I’m ready to go again.”

    As paddle boarding and surfing seem a bit further removed from ski training than hand cycling or running, Dan explained how he came to these sports and how he incorporates them into his preparation for the winter season. Oddly enough, he was recognizing that the more traditional dryland training modes were not adequately preparing him for the demands of sit skiing.

    “I have found that running is great for my cardiovascular development, and it rests my arms—a nice break from double poling all winter! However, if I run exclusively it doesn’t do the job over a long off-season and I’ll likely be under-developed in the upper body power required to be a good nordic sit skier. In addition to some roller skiing, which can be hard on the elbows, I started hand cycling several years ago. It’s great to be able to ride a bike, especially in the fall in New England.”

    Always on the lookout for methods to improve in sport, Cnossen chanced into a low impact means of improving his skiing while out on the water.

    USA Para Nordic Gold Medalist Dan Cnossen shows the paddle board he uses to prepare his upper body for sit skiing. (Courtesy Photo)

    “Hand cycling puts a heavy load on the arms and biceps, which isn’t as useful for skiing, and when some friends in Rhode Island asked if I’d like to go prone paddling with them I said sure, not knowing really what it was all about. I had recently started surfing and knew that arms-only paddling was great for the kinds of muscles needed for double-pole skiing, and when I went on my first prone paddle on the ocean—in addition to struggling to keep up with my friends—I was hooked on this mode of training.”

    Cnossen explained that prone paddling is similar to stand up paddle boarding, except for the body position and that the paddling is done with the arms and hands directly. The board is also narrower.

    “You can either paddle on your belly in a prone position, with a stroke similar to freestyle swimming or the butterfly, or you can get up on your knees and do a double arm stroke. Not only does prone paddling get me out on the water—ocean, lakes, rivers—it’s a fairly niche sport that has a very close community as a result. Now, when I show up for the first Paralympic ski team camp in the fall, on snow in a ski tunnel in Europe, I feel the transition into double poling is fairly seamless and that is because of surfing and prone paddling.”

    Outside of running, hand cycling, surfing, and prone paddling, Cnossen incorporates regular strength training throughout the summer. He also spends time at the range and pairs either running or a ski erg with shooting to round out his biathlon training.

    Finally, Cnossen contrasted this summer training with his workload during the winter.

    Dan Cnossen heads to the water for a prone paddle boarding session. (Courtesy Photo)

    “In the ski season, the type and volume of training we conduct depends on where we are in the competition cycle. This could include a high volume phase, an intensity phase, a recovery week, and the tapering process before the major event of the season, which is typically towards its end. However, if I were to outline a typical training week it would usually contain two interval days on snow in the morning, likely with shooting for one of the two sessions at a high heart rate, followed by some type of strength work in the gym that afternoon. online games to play with friends

    For the other days of the week, I’ll usually ski anywhere from 90-120 minutes or longer at an easy pace, focusing on technique and various drills to accomplish that aim. These long skis might involve skiing and shooting, or they might focus only on skiing. And there might be some recovery jogging thrown in there as well, if the roads outside aren’t too icy. It’s quite easy to over-do the training as a sit skier, since arms don’t recover as quickly as legs, so we’re constantly mindful of how we feel. I have incorporated this year a lot of mobility work both before and after training, and stretching after, and it’s making a big difference in how my back, shoulders and neck feel.”

  • The Life of an Elite Multisport Para Athlete With Kendall Gretsch

    The Life of an Elite Multisport Para Athlete With Kendall Gretsch

    Kendall Gretsch is an elite multisport athlete who competes with Team USA Paratriathlon, Para Nordic and Para Biathlon . (Photo: Screenshot teamusa.org)

    27-year-old Kendall Gretsch is a well-decorated athlete.  A glance at the Illinois native’s bio shows three consecutive ITU Paratriathlon World Championship titles (2014 – 2016) plus a silver medal at this year’s event on September 1st in Lausanne, Switzerland. She is a five-time USA Paratriathlon national champion, four-time gold medalist at the PATCO/CAMTRI American Championships, and has four medals from ITU Paratriathlon World Cup events, two each of gold and silver. And that is just her triathlon trophy case. 

    After entering the sport in 2016, Gretsch took off in para nordic sports. She eventually earned two gold medals at the 2018 PyeongChang Paralympic Games, one in the 6-kilometer biathlon sitting sprint and one in the 12 k cross-country distance race. At the 2019 World Championships, Gretsch skied away with a gold medal in the individual biathlon race, four silver medals, and one bronze. 

    It is uncommon to compete at an elite level in multiple sports. As such, FasterSkier caught up with Gretsch, who was about to head to the first para nordic camp of the year in Sweden, to learn more about how she trains at an elite level for both sports and shifts her focus between the two throughout calendar years and Olympic cycles. 

    At the outset of the 2019 nordic season, Gretsch made made the move from her former home base in Madison, WI to the Olympic Training Center (OTC) in Colorado Springs. She had been working full-time as an engineer for a software company. Although remaining with the same company, she has cut back her hours and works remotely. Gretsch explained that this has been a positive change for her athletic development. 

    “Moving out here to the training center has been super beneficial for me. The biggest part is having my team and coach here,” said Gretsch. “We practice everyday with our team in person, which before, at least for triathlon, I had been doing a lot of remote coaching. When I started with nordic, we did a lot of coaching in person and I realized the benefits of training in person with your coach and also training with teammates.”

    She added that living at the OTC allows her greater access to resources that support both her sports, like a training room where she can bike and run, a cafeteria, a gym for strength training, massage, and physical therapy. Removing the commute to these resources has also benefited her overall life-balance. 

    “It makes it really easy to be an athlete and still have time to work or do something outside of athletics.”

    The effect of this transition is evident. In 2019, Gretsch won two of the five races she entered, took second in an additional two, and placed fifth at the Tokyo ITU Paratriathlon World Cup in August. Her silver medal at the World Championships was the icing on the cake. 

    “Everything came together that day. It was the best performance I could have hoped for and obviously, if you come in second or even if you come in first, you’re always thinking of ways you could get faster. But I was happy with that race and it was a good way to end the season.”

    Gretsch was born with spina bifida which occurs from a malformation of the spine and spinal column in utero. As a result, her leg muscles did not fully develop but she is able to walk with the use of crutches and leg braces. 

    Kendall Gretsch is a three time World Champion in the women’s PTWC classification. (Photo: International Paralympic Committee)

    Gretsch competes in the paratriathlon wheelchair division (PTWC) which is equivalent to standard triathlon except athletes use a handcycle for the bike and a racing wheelchair for the run. The only difference in the swim for PTWC athletes is that they do not need to abide by temperature regulation cutoff for wetsuits; they can wear wetsuit bottoms regardless of temperature to improve the flotation of their lower limbs. 

    She explained that there are two subclasses of PTWC: H1 athletes have less core function and begin the race with a handicap of approximately four minutes, and H2’s like Gretsch have to make up the time difference during the race as the first athlete to cross the finish line wins. Gretsch explained that Rio was the first Paralympic Games where triathlon was contested, but not all classifications were selected. Unfortunately, hers fell into the unselected category. This loss of opportunity, however, led her to nordic skiing. 

    “At that time, the high performance director for triathlon and the high performance director for nordic were in contact and our triathlon director said, ‘Hey, we have these athletes who are endurance athletes and they don’t have a medal anymore in Rio. They might be good candidates to try transferring over to nordic.’” 

    The para nordic high performance director reached out and connected Gretsch with a development coach who was based nearby in Minneapolis and with the CXC program in Wisconsin that worked with adaptive athletes. 

    “From there I tried it out as an avenue of, ‘I can’t go to the Games in triathlon anymore, but maybe I can try this other sport.’ I fell in love with both of them and have stuck with both.”

    [You can learn more about Gretsch’s transition to nordic sports here.]

    Gretsch explained that her training is dichotomous; in the winter, she focuses almost exclusively on cross country and biathlon, though she tries to get into a pool twice a week when she has access.

    “Mainly because the previous winter I did nothing swim, bike, or run, and I found that getting back into the pool was the hardest for me. So I tried to keep at least some contact with the pool and swimming and I think that worked out pretty well.”

    Similarly, during the summer, she primarily trains for swim, bike, and run, though she sometimes heads into the shooting range when she has time. Gretsch explained that this oscillation in focus has not been detrimental to her performance in either sport.

    “Even if I wasn’t doing a summer sport, I think my summer training would probably look pretty similar [to triathlon training]. Even the members of our team that aren’t doing a summer sport, their summer training is usually hand cycling or some other form that is not just nordic skiing.” 

    She added that most other para nordic athletes are training in a similar manner for dry land.

    “From the mental aspect, you don’t feel like you are getting far behind because a lot of the competition even internationally are just doing other training outside of nordic.” 

    As the winter or summer Olympics approaches, the length of her triathlon and nordic seasons fluctuate to prioritize whichever sport is closer to the Games. The PTWC classification was chosen for the Tokyo Olympics in 2020, so Gretsch is currently prioritizing triathlon. 

    “This coming season, triathlon really is the focus, so if there is a triathlon race that I need to go to to help qualify, I’ll make sure I’m there.”

    Like most triathletes, Gretsch logs a multitude of hours swimming, biking, and running during her summer season. She explained that most weeks, she is in the pool Monday to Friday first thing in the morning. After the swim, she has breakfast at the OTC then heads to her room to work. In the afternoon, she heads to either a team workout — biking or running — or strength trains in the gym. Some days she does both. 

    “Typically in the summer we have 2 to 3 workouts a day and in between, it’s eating meals, trying to get some work in. At the end of the day, I’ll try to go to sports medicine to get either massage or meet with a physical therapist or something.”

    On weekends, the team does a longer workout, usually a longer ride or a brick workout to practice the bike to run transition. Most weeks Gretsch trains every day with one of those days being an active recovery day. 

    In the winter, the hours are fewer.

    “Everything is a little bit more condensed because the daylight hours are so much shorter.”

    Kendall Gretsch racing to her second gold medal of the 2018 Winter Paralympics on Sunday in the women’s 12 k sitting cross-country race in PyeongChang, South Korea. (Photo: US Paralympics/Joe Kusumoto)

    She explained that the team trains from roughly 9 in the morning until lunch time during the week. On snow training requires a drive from Colorado Springs, so this start time allows the team to eat and travel to the training venue. 

    “It’s a little bit more relaxed in the morning — waking up, getting ready, having breakfast, and then skiing.”

    After the session, Gretsch has lunch, followed by a session at either the gym or the shooting range. 

    Though she is an adaptive athlete, Gretsch explained that her lifestyle outside of training is not different from that of an able-bodied athlete. She explained that she does her best to restrain herself outside of her training to ensure her body is recovered and ready for the next session. 

    “All my sports activities are just with arms and core and when I’m walking around, it’s a heavier strain on my arms than my legs. So I think you have to be conscious about that. I’d say most athletes are thinking about those same things — just being conscious about how much time I’m going to be out and about doing things that aren’t my sport.”

    Gretsch continued that focusing on recovery may be more important when similar muscle groups are used between sports and just walking around. She added that she makes sure she has time off her feet and limits unnecessary walking, particularly on days when she has multiple training sessions. 

    Like other athletes, Gretsch also has to ensure that she is eating properly throughout the day to sustain her activity. She explained that fueling during workouts is particularly important as the muscles in the upper body fatigue faster than the larger groups in legs. 

    “From a nutrition aspect, your arm muscles are obviously smaller than your leg muscles would be. I take in a lot more carbs during a session than you might think and that’s just to keep my glycogen levels up. You have a smaller source in your arm muscles than someone would in their legs.

    “So keeping [my nutrition] up and preserving myself especially on a day when I have two sessions where, sure I might be able to make it through one session, but really trying to keep my nutrition up and be smart about that so the second session is still a quality session.”

    Overall, her areas of focus as an athlete are universal. She expressed that the only aspect that may be specific to para nordic sport might be an increased focus on exercises that support injury prevention.

    “There are definitely things that we do from a strength perspective to make sure that we’re maintaining the little stabilizer muscles [in your arms and shoulders]. So before we do a strength session or a hard ski session, making sure we do a good warm up. Just making sure those tiny little muscles that help prevent injury are strong too, not just the big muscles.”

    To conclude, Gretsch left other athletes who compete during multiple seasons throughout the year with the advice to truly embrace the time off between seasons to recharge. 

    Kendall Gretsch takes aim during the women’s 6-kilometer sitting biathlon at the 2018 Paralympic Winter Games on Saturday in PyeongChang, South Korea. She won the race to become the first American woman to medal in a biathlon event at the Paralympics (or Olympics). (Photo: US Paralympics/Getty)

    “I think as an athlete you’re so used to training six to seven days a week, you’re just constantly busy. Now I’m in the off season and one of the things that my coaches try to emphasize is that we really have to take advantage of this time between seasons, especially because I’ll have two times within a year that I’m peaking instead of just one.

    “So to maintain your mental and physical durability throughout the season, really taking advantage of the off season and having unstructured time to relax and mentally take a step away from everything. I think that is important for anyone in their off season, but I think it becomes more important when you have these two seasons throughout the year instead of just one.”